At the last day of YESS-4, Ferdinando Arzarello is going to deliver the main lecture. The topic for his talk is “Tools for analyzing learning processes in mathematics“. He starts off with a discussion of problems concerning What, Why, How and Goals:

• What is necessary to observe in the classroom? (What)
• Which theoretical frames are suitable to answer the What-problem? (Why)
• How to observe all that is necessary? and How to interpret the observed data according to the assumed frame? (How)
• How to improve consequent didactical practices in the classroom? (Goal)