In this article, I consider the history of the International Commission on Mathematical Instruction (ICMI) from its inception until the International Congress on Mathematical Education (ICME) held in 1969. In this period, mathematics education developed as a scientific discipline. My aim is to study the presence and the contribution of women (if any) in this development. ICMI was founded in 1908, but my history starts before then, at the end of the nineteenth century, when the process of internationalization of mathematics began, thanks to the first International Congress of Mathematicians. Already in those years, the need for internationalizing the debate on mathematics teaching was spreading throughout the mathematical community. I use as my main sources of information the didactics sections in the proceedings of the International Congresses of Mathematicians and the proceedings of the first ICME. The data collected are complemented with information from the editorial board of two journals that for different reasons are linked to ICMI: L’Enseignement Mathématique and Educational Studies in Mathematics. In particular, as a result of my analyses, I have identified four women who may be considered as pioneer women in mathematics education. Some biographical notes on their professional life are included in the paper.
Author: Reidar Mosvold
BSHM Bulletin
- Ancient accounting in the modern mathematics classroom, by Kathleen Clark and Eleanor Robson
- The influence of Amatino Manucci and Luca Pacioli, by Fenny Smith
- A teaching module on the history of public-key cryptography and RSA, by Uffe Thomas Jankvist
- The history of symmetry and the asymmetry of history, by Peter M. Neumann
- A mathematical walk in Surrey, by Simon R. Blackburn
Updates on the major journals
Educational Studies in Mathematics has released the October issue of this year, with a special focus on “The role and use of examples in mathematics education”. The articles in the issue include:
- Intuitive nonexamples: the case of triangles, by Pessia Tsamir, Dina Tirosh and Esther Levenson
- Using learner generated examples to introduce new concepts, by Anne Watson and Steve Shipman
- Doctoral students’ use of examples in evaluating and proving conjectures, by Lara Alcock and Matthew Inglis
- Exemplifying definitions: a case of a square, by Rina Zazkis and Roza Leikin
- The purpose, design and use of examples in the teaching of elementary mathematics, by Tim Rowland
- Characteristics of teachers’ choice of examples in and for the mathematics classroom, by Iris Zodik and Orit Zaslavsky
- Shedding light on and with example spaces, by Paul Goldenberg and John Mason
Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education has released the September issue with the following highlights:
- How can research be used to inform and improve mathematics teaching practice? by Anne D. Cockburn
- Promoting student collaboration in a detracked, heterogeneous secondary mathematics classroom, by Megan E. Staples
- Using a video-based curriculum to develop a reflective stance in prospective mathematics teachers, by Shari L. Stockero
- What makes a problem mathematically interesting? Inviting prospective teachers to pose better problems, by Sandra Crespo and Nathalie Sinclair
- Mathematical preparation of elementary teachers in China: changes and issues, by Yeping Li, Dongchen Zhao, Rongjin Huang and Yunpeng Ma
International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education has released the September issue of this year with the following articles:
- Effects of advance organiser strategy during instruction on secondary school students’ mathematics achievement in Kenya’s Nakuru district, by Bernard N. Githua and Rachel Angela Nyabwa
- Examining Reflective Thinking: A Study of Changes in Methods Students’ Conceptions and Understandings of Inquiry Teaching, by Jing-Ru Wang and Sheau-Wen Lin
- Following Young Students’ Understanding of Three Phenomena in which Transformations of Matter Occur, by Lena Löfgren and Gustav Helldén
- Secondary School Students’ Construction and Use of Mathematical Models in Solving Word Problems, by Salvador Llinares and Ana Isabel Roig
- Cognitive Incoherence of Students Regarding the Establishment of Universality of Propositions through Experimentation/Measurement, by Mikio Miyazaki
- Differentials in Mathematics Achievement among Eighth-Grade Students in Malaysia, by Noor Azina Ismail and Halimah Awang
- THAI GRADE 10 AND 11 STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF STOICHIOMETRY AND RELATED CONCEPTS, by Chanyah Dahsah and Richard Kevin Coll
- The Inquiry Laboratory as a Source for Development of Metacognitive Skills, by Mira Kipnis and Avi Hofstein
Otherwise, For the learning of mathematics has released issue 2 of this year.
YESS-4 revisited
Today, I discovered in Carlos Torres’ blog that the keynote presentations are actually available online, on Slideshare! (Take a look at Cartoni21’s slideshows!) These were the main presentations:
1. Barbara Jaworski’s opening talk:
2. Guershon Harel’s presentation
3. The presentation of Jean-Baptiste Lagrange
4. Laurinda Brown’s talk
5. Günther Törner’s presentation
Documentation systems
We study in this article mathematics teachers’ documentation work: looking for resources, selecting/designing mathematical tasks, planning their succession, managing available artifacts, etc. We consider that this documentation work is at the core of teachers’ professional activity and professional development. We introduce a distinction between available resources and documents developed by teachers through a documentational genesis process, in a perspective inspired by the instrumental approach. Throughout their documentation work, teachers develop documentation systems, and the digitizing of resources entails evolutions of these systems. The approach we propose aims at seizing these evolutions, and more generally at studying teachers’ professional change.
Where has all the knowledge gone?

Jo Boaler wrote an interesting article in Education Week, which was published online on Friday. The article is entitled Where Has All the Knowledge Gone? The Movement to Keep Americans at the Bottom of the Class in Math. In the article she gives some interesting reflections concerning the report of the National Math Panel, about the “anti-knowledge movement” in the U.S., about the Math Wars, and about the development of mathematics education in the U.S. in general. Boaler claims that:
There is a movement at work across America that smothers research knowledge, gives misleading data to parents, and substantially undermines our ability to improve American children’s mathematical understanding.
And she claims that this movement has had a strong impact – even into the White House…
Attention to meaning by algebra teachers
Non-attendance to meaning by students is a prevalent phenomenon in school mathematics. Our goal is to investigate features of instruction that might account for this phenomenon. Drawing on a case study of two high school algebra teachers, we cite episodes from the classroom to illustrate particular teaching actions that de-emphasize meaning. We categorize these actions as pertaining to (a) purpose of new concepts, (b) distinctions in mathematics, (c) mathematical terminology, and (d) mathematical symbols. The specificity of the actions that we identify allows us to suggest several conjectures as to the impact of the teaching practices observed on student learning: that students will develop the belief that mathematics involves executing standard procedures much more than meaning and reasoning, that students will come to see mathematical definitions and results as coincidental or arbitrary, and that students’ treatment of symbols will be largely non-referential.
Chinese teachers’ knowledge
In this study, we investigated the extent of knowledge in mathematics and pedagogy that Chinese practicing elementary mathematics teachers have and what changes teaching experience may bring to their knowledge. With a sample of 18 mathematics teachers from two elementary schools, we focused on both practicing teachers’ beliefs and perceptions about their own knowledge in mathematics and pedagogy and the extent of their knowledge on the topic of fraction division. The results revealed a gap between these teachers’ limited knowledge about the curriculum they teach and their solid mathematics knowledge for teaching, as an example, fraction division. Moreover, senior teachers used more diverse strategies that are concrete in nature than junior teachers in providing procedural justifications. The results suggested that Chinese practicing teachers benefit from teaching and in-service professional development for the improvement of their mathematics knowledge for teaching but not their knowledge about mathematics
curriculum.
Emergent modeling
In this paper we focus on an instructional sequence that aims at supporting students in their learning of the basic principles of rate of change and velocity. The conjectured process of teaching and learning is supposed to ensure that the mathematical and physical concepts will be rooted in students’ understanding of everyday-life situations. Students’ inventions are supported by carefully planned activities and tools that fit their reasoning. The central design heuristic of the instructional sequence is emergent modeling. We created an educational setting in three tenth grade classrooms to investigate students’ learning with this sequence. The design research is carried out in order to contribute to a local instruction theory on calculus. Classroom events and computer activities are video-taped, group work is audio-taped and student materials are collected. Qualitative analyses show that with the emergent modeling approach, the basic principles of calculus can be developed from students’ reasoning on motion, when they are supported by discrete graphs.
Embracing arts and sciences
As a young field in its own right (unlike the ancient discipline of mathematics), mathematics education research has been eclectic in drawing upon the established knowledge bases and methodologies of other fields. Psychology served as an early model for a paradigm that valorized psychometric research, largely based in the theoretical frameworks of cognitive science. More recently, with the recognition of the need for sociocultural theories, because mathematics is generally learned in social groups, sociology and anthropology have contributed to methodologies that gradually moved away from psychometrics towards qualitative methods that sought a deeper understanding of issues involved. The emergent perspective struck a balance between research on individual learning (including learners’ beliefs and affect) and the dynamics of classroom mathematical practices. Now, as the field matures, the value of both quantitative
and qualitative methods is acknowledged, and these are frequently combined in research that uses mixed methods, sometimes taking the form of design experiments or multi-tiered teaching experiments. Creativity and rigor are required in all mathematics education research, thus it
is argued in this paper, using examples, that characteristics of both the arts and the sciences are implicated in this work.