Student presentations in the classroom

David L. Farnsworth has written an article called Student presentations in the classroom. The article was published in International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology today. Here is the abstract:

For many years, the author has been involving his students in classroom
teaching of their own classes. The day-to-day practice is described,
and the advantages and disadvantages for both the instructor and the
students are discussed. Comparisons with the Moore Method of teaching
are made.

Analyticity without differentiability

A new article has appeared in International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology. The article is written by E. Kirillova and K. Spindler, and it is entitled: Analyticity without differentiability. Her is the abstract of the article:

In this article we derive all salient properties of analytic functions,
including the analytic version of the inverse function theorem, using
only the most elementary convergence properties of series. Not even the
notion of differentiability is required to do so. Instead, analytical
arguments are replaced by combinatorial arguments exhibiting properties
of formal power series. Along the way, we show how formal power series
can be used to solve combinatorial problems and also derive some
results in calculus with a minimum of analytical machinery.

Teaching Children Mathematics, April 2008

NCTM journal: Teaching Children Mathematics has published the April issue of this year, and it has the following contents (articles):

<!– Alice in Numberland: Through the Standards in Wonderland
Donna Christy, Karen Lambe, Christine Payson, Patricia Carnevale and Debra Scarpelli –> Alice in Numberland: Through the Standards in Wonderland by Donna Christy, Karen Lambe, Christine Payson, Patricia Carnevale and Debra Scarpelli
<!– Learning Our Way to One Million
David J. Whitin –> Learning Our Way to One Million by David J. Whitin
<!– Problem-Solving Support for English Language Learners
Lynda R. Wiest –> Problem-Solving Support for English Language Learners by Lynda R. Wiest (free preview article)

Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School, April 2008

The April issue of Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School has arrived, and it presents the following articles:

By Way of Introduction: Developing Mathematical Understanding through Representations


Developing Mathematical Understanding through Multiple Representations
by Preety N. Tripathi (free preview article)

Promoting Mathematics Accessibility through Multiple Representations Jigsaws
by Wendy Pelletier Cleaves

Oranges, Posters, Ribbons, and Lemonade: Concrete Computational Strategies for Dividing Fractions
by Christopher M. Kribs-Zaleta

Student Representations at the Center: Promoting Classroom Equity
by Kara Louise Imm, Despina A. Stylianou and Nabin Chae

Analyzing Students’ Use of Graphic Representations: Determining Misconceptions and Error Patterns for Instruction
by Amy Scheuermann and Delinda van Garderen

Developing Meaning for Algebraic Symbols: Possibilities and Pitfalls
by John K. Lannin, Brian E. Townsend, Nathan Armer, Savanna Green and Jessica Schneider

Sense-able Combinatorics: Students’ Use of Personal Representations
by Lynn D. Tarlow

The Role of Representations in Fraction Addition and Subtraction
by Kathleen Cramer, Terry Wyberg and Seth Leavitt

From static to dynamic mathematics

Educational Studies in Mathematics recently published an article called: “From static to dynamic mathematics: historical and representational perspectives“. The article is written by Luis Moreno-Armella, Stephen J. Hegedus and James J. Kaput. The point of departure for this article is the issue of new digital technologies, their capacities, issues concerning design and use of them, etc. They build upon one of Kaput’s works on notations and representations, in order to:

(…) present new theoretical perspectives on the design and use of digital technologies, especially dynamic mathematics software and “classroom networks.”

In the article they present some interesting perspectives on the historical development on media, from static to dynamic, and they discuss some dynamical perspectives related to variation and geometry (dynamic geometry, like Cabri, Geometer’s Sketchpad, etc.). Here is the abstract of this interesting article:

The nature of mathematical reference fields has substantially evolved with the advent of new types of digital technologies enabling students greater access to understanding the use and application of mathematical ideas and procedures. We analyze the evolution of symbolic thinking over time, from static notations to dynamic inscriptions in new technologies. We conclude with new perspectives on Kaput’s theory of notations and representations as mediators of constructive processes.

Implementing Kaput’s research programme

Celia Hoyles and Richard Noss recently published an article called “Next steps in implementing Kaput’s research programme” in Educational Studies in Mathematics. These two distinguished professors have written a multitude of books and articles together in the past, so you might have come across something written by “Hoyles and Noss” before. In this particular article, they explore and discuss some key ideas from Jim Kaput and connect them to their own research. Here is the abstract of the article:

We explore some key constructs and research themes initiated by Jim
Kaput, and attempt to illuminate them further with reference to our own
research. These ‘design principles’ focus on the evolution of digital
representations since the early 1990s, and we attempt to take forward
our collective understanding of the cognitive and cultural affordances
they offer. There are two main organising ideas for the paper. The
first centres around Kaput’s notion of outsourcing of processing power,
and explores the implications of this for mathematical learning. We
argue that a key component for design is to create visible, transparent
views of outsourcing, a transparency without which there may be as many
pitfalls as opportunities for mathematical learning. The second
organising idea is Kaput’s notion of communication and the importance
of designing for communication in ways that recognise the mutual
influence of tools for communication and for mathematical expression.

IJMEST, vol. 39, issue 3

International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology has published their third issue (of 8) this year. In the table of contents, we find the following original articles:

Authors: K. Renee Fister; Maeve L. McCarthy
DOI: 10.1080/00207390701690303
Author: Betty McDonald
DOI: 10.1080/00207390701688141
Author: Stan Lipovetsky
DOI: 10.1080/00207390701639532
Authors: Modestina Modestou; Iliada Elia; Athanasios Gagatsis; Giorgos Spanoudis
DOI: 10.1080/00207390701691541
Authors: Juana-Maria Vivo; Manuel Franco
DOI: 10.1080/00207390701691566
Author: I. S. Jones
DOI: 10.1080/00207390701734523
Author: Jesper Rydén
DOI: 10.1080/00207390701639508

The role of scaling up research

A new article has been published online at Educational Studies in Mathematics. The article is entitled: “The role of scaling up research in designing for and evaluating robustness“, and it is written by J. Roschelle, D. Tatar, N. Shechtman and J. Knudsen. Here is the abstract of the article:

One of the great strengths of Jim Kaput’s research program was his relentless drive towards scaling up his innovative approach to teaching the mathematics of change and variation. The SimCalc mission, “democratizing access to the mathematics of change,” was enacted by deliberate efforts to reach an increasing number of teachers and students each year. Further, Kaput asked: What can we learn from research at the next level of scale (e.g., beyond a few classrooms at a time) that we cannot learn from other sources? In this article, we develop an argument that scaling up research can contribute important new knowledge by focusing researchers’ attention on the robustness of an innovation when used by varied students, teachers, classrooms, schools, and regions. The concept of robustness requires additional discipline both in the design process and in the conduct of valid research. By examining a progression of three studies in the Scaling Up SimCalc program, we articulate how scaling up research can contribute to designing for and evaluating robustness.

When, how, and why prove theorems?

The full title of this new ZDM article is: “When, how, and why prove theorems? A methodology for studying the perspective of geometry“, and it is written by P. Herbst and T. Miyakawa.

Every theorem has a proof, but not every theorem presented in schools (not only in the U.S., although this is the focus of the article). Why is that? Here is the abstract of the article, which truly raises some important questions:

While every theorem has a proof in mathematics, in US geometry classrooms not every theorem is proved. How can one explain the practitioner’s perspective on which theorems deserve proof? Toward providing an account of the practical rationality with which practitioners handle the norm that every theorem has a proof we have designed a methodology that relies on representing classroom instruction using animations. We use those animations to trigger commentary from experienced practitioners. In this article we illustrate how we model instructional situations as systems of norms and how we create animated stories that represent a situation. We show how the study of those stories as prototypes of a basic model can help anticipate the response from practitioners as well as suggest issues to be considered in improving a model.
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Promoting student collaboration

Megan E. Staples wrote an article called: “Promoting student collaboration in a detracked, heterogeneous secondary mathematics classroom“. The article was published online in Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education on Wednesday. Here is the abstract of the article:

Detracking and heterogeneous groupwork are two educational practices that have been shown to have promise for affording all students needed learning opportunities to develop mathematical proficiency. However, teachers face significant pedagogical challenges in organizing productive groupwork in these settings. This study offers an analysis of one teacher’s role in creating a classroom system that supported student collaboration within groups in a detracked, heterogeneous geometry classroom. The analysis focuses on four categories of the teacher’s work that created a set of affordances to support within group collaborative practices and links the teacher’s work with principles of complex systems.

Several researchers have addressed the issue of collaboration and group work, and Staples analyzes the role of one teacher in this respect. Staples observed 39 lessons in the study, and data was collected through field notes, reflective memos, and 26 lessons were also video-taped. She also conducted interviews with most of the students and the teacher, and she collected curriculum documents, etc. During the data analysis, four categories emerged that were critical for understanding the teacher’s role (p. 8):

  1. Promoting individual and group accountability
  2. Promoting positive sentiment among group members
  3. Supporting student–student exchanges with tools and resources
  4. Supporting student mathematical inquiry in direct interaction with groups

These categories are used as point of departure for the organization and presentations of the results in the article.

The classroom is a complex system, and this is something Staples discuss a lot in the article. Understanding this complexity and being able to analyze it, is something she emphasizes as being important for both future and current teachers.

And interesting article. In the theoretical foundations, she refers (among others) to the works of researchers like E. Cohen and J. Boaler.