The May issue of Science & Education contains an interesting article that is related to mathematics education. The article is written by Youjun Wang, and it is entitled: Hands-on mathematics: two cases from ancient Chinese mathematics. Here is the abstract of Wang’s article:
In modern mathematical teaching, it has become increasingly emphasized that mathematical knowledge should be taught by problem-solving, hands-on activities, and interactive learning experiences. Comparing the ideas of modern mathematical education with the development of ancient Chinese mathematics, we find that the history of mathematics in ancient China is an abundant resource for materials to demonstrate mathematics by hands-on manipulation. In this article I shall present two cases that embody this idea of a hands-on approach in ancient Chinese mathematics, at the same time offering an opportunity to show how to utilize materials from the history of Chinese math in modern mathematical education.
Author: Reidar Mosvold
Exemplary math instruction in East Asia
Here is the abstract of their article:
What may teachers do in developing and carrying out exemplary or high-quality mathematics classroom instruction? What can we learn from teachers’ instructional practices that are often culturally valued in different education systems? In this article, we aim to highlight relevant issues that have long been interests of mathematics educators worldwide in identifying and examining teachers’ practices in high-quality mathematics classroom instruction, and outline what articles published herein can help further our understanding of such issues with cases of exemplary mathematics instruction valued in the Chinese Mainland, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.
The role of prior knowledge
The ability to estimate is a fundamental real-world skill; it allows students to check the reasonableness of answers found through other means, and it can help students develop a better understanding of place value, mathematical operations, and general number sense. Flexibility in the use of strategies is particularly critical in computational estimation. The ability to perform complex calculations mentally is cognitively challenging for many students; thus, it is important to have a broad repertoire of estimation strategies and to select the most appropriate strategy for a given problem. In this paper, we consider the role of students’ prior knowledge of estimation strategies in the effectiveness of interventions designed to promote strategy flexibility across two recent studies. In the first, 65 fifth graders began the study as fluent users of one strategy for computing mental estimates to multi-digit multiplication problems such as 17 × 41. In the second, 157 fifth and sixth graders began the study with moderate to low prior knowledge of strategies for computing mental estimates. Results indicated that students’ fluency with estimation strategies had an impact on which strategies they adopted. Students who exhibited high fluency at pretest were more likely to increase use of estimation strategies that led to more accurate estimates, while students with less fluency adopted strategies that were easiest to implement. Our results suggest that both the ease and accuracy of strategies as well as students’ fluency with strategies are all important factors in the development of strategy flexibility.
IJSME, June 2009
- EPISTEMOLOGICAL OBSTACLES IN COMING TO UNDERSTAND THE LIMIT OF A FUNCTION AT UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL: A CASE FROM THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LESOTHO, by Eunice Kolitsoe Moru
- Talking Physics during Small-Group Work with Context-Rich Problems – Analysed from an Ownership Perspective, by Margareta Enghag, Peter Gustafsson and Gunnar Jonsson
- HISTORY AS A PLATFORM FOR DEVELOPING COLLEGE STUDENTS’ EPISTEMOLOGICAL BELIEFS OF MATHEMATICS, by Po-Hung Liu
- USING COMBINATORIAL APPROACH TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ LEARNING OF THE DISTRIBUTIVE LAW AND MULTIPLICATIVE IDENTITIES, by Yu-Ling Tsai and Ching-Kuch Chang
- The Factors Related to Preschool Children and Their Mothers on Children’s Intuitional Mathematics Abilities, by Yıldız Güven
- THE POWER OF LEARNING GOAL ORIENTATION IN PREDICTING STUDENT MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT, by Chuan-Ju Lin, Pi-Hsia Hung, Su-Wei Lin, Bor-Hung Lin and Fou-Lai Lin
- K-12 Science and Mathematics Teachers’ Beliefs About and Use of Inquiry in the Classroom, by Jeff C. Marshall, Robert Horton, Brent L. Igo and Deborah M. Switzer
- Question Posing, Inquiry, and Modeling Skills of Chemistry Students in the Case-Based Computerized Laboratory Environment, by Zvia Kaberman and Yehudit Judy Dori
- Thinking Journey – a New Mode of Teaching Science, by Yaron Schur and Igal Galili
Slidecast from our AERA-symposium
It is hard to believe that a month has already passed by since the 2009 AERA Annual Meeting. I have already written about my presentation and the preparations for our symposium before, but I am now happy to finally be able to present the slidecast from our entire symposium session! Below, you find the embedded version of the slidecast (powerpoint slides with synchronized audio – just press the play button!):
Social justice and mathematics teacher education
Reading the articles in this and the next Special Issue will very quickly show that social justice is difficult to define, in part because it not only depends on one’s own world view, but also it depends somewhat on the situation being analysed. Social justice is a relative concept; what is unjust to some, is not unjust to others; whether we consider something is socially unjust or relationally unjust will likewise differ.
In relation to this topic, three articles have been published online the last couple of days:
- Elizabeth de Freitas and Betina Zolkower have written an article called Using social semiotics to prepare mathematics teachers to teach for social justice.
- Raymond Brown has written an article called Teaching for social justice: exploring the development of student agency through participation in the literacy practices of a mathematics classroom.
- Amal Hussain Alajmi has written an article called Addressing computational estimation in the Kuwaiti curriculum: teachers’ views.
You can go to the links above to read more about these articles.
Mathematical problem solving and students’ belief systems
Still, I think it is an interesting article to read if you are interested in problem solving or research on beliefs. Here is the article abstract:
The goal of the study reported here is to gain a better understanding of the role of belief systems in the approach phase to mathematical problem solving. Two students of high academic performance were selected based on a previous exploratory study of 61 students 12–13 years old. In this study we identified different types of approaches to problems that determine the behavior of students in the problem-solving process. The research found two aspects that explain the students’ approaches to problem solving: (1) the presence of a dualistic belief system originating in the student’s school experience; and (2) motivation linked to beliefs regarding the difficulty of the task. Our results indicate that there is a complex relationship between students’ belief systems and approaches to problem solving, if we consider a wide variety of beliefs about the nature of mathematics and problem solving and motivational beliefs, but that it is not possible to establish relationships of causality between specific beliefs and problem-solving activity (or vice versa).
Teaching mathematics for understanding
The authors present an analysis of portfolio entries submitted by candidates seeking certification by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards in the area of Early Adolescence/Mathematics. Analyses of mathematical features revealed that the tasks used in instruction included a range of mathematics topics but were not consistently intellectually challenging. Analyses of key pedagogical features of the lesson materials showed that tasks involved hands-on activities or real-world contexts and technology but rarely required students to provide explanations or demonstrate mathematical reasoning. The findings suggest that, even in lessons that teachers selected for display as best practice examples of teaching for understanding, innovative pedagogical approaches were not systematically used in ways that supported students’ engagement with cognitively demanding mathematical tasks.
Mathematical modelling and medical students
A PUBMED search for ‘mathematical models in medicine’ shows more than 15,000 articles covering almost every field of medicine. We designed a course with the goal of developing the students’ skills in computerized data analysis and mathematical modelling, as well as enhancing their ability to read and interpret mathematical data analysis. The study evaluated the acquisition of research skills and how to understand such data, as well evaluating the students’ feeling of competence. The course was structured as a 1-week (30-h) workshop for final year medical students. The study population consisted of 23 medical students who took the course in the 2005 academic year. Course evaluation used questionnaires that assessed the students’ satisfaction and mathematical knowledge. We found a significant change in the attitudes of our subjects, comparing their before and after attitudes towards their competence in the use of mathematical modelling, academically (i.e. their ability to read and understand articles using math models) as well as medically (i.e. their ability to implement theory that arises from math models to medical applications). We believe that the use of math modelling training in medical education significantly improved the students’ confidence in reading and applying math models in medicine; there is a tendency (albeit insignificant) towards superior results in attitudes of students towards math usage in medicine at large.

ICMI-News, May 2009
- Editorial: The Relevance of Mathematics Education in India
- ICMI Study 20: Educational Interfaces between Mathematics and the Industry (EIMI)
- ICMI Study 20: Discussion document (short version)
- ICMI has a new website!
- Exhibition “Experiencing Mathematics” in southern countries
- Calendar of Events of Interest to the ICMI Community
- Historical vignettes: David Eugene Smith, the proponent of ICMI
- Subscribing to ICMI News
The entire newsletter is freely available online, and you can also read previous newsletters from the archive.
